Hoyt_Trykon
27-08-05, 10:34 AM
heres just some info i found on the net, it was very helpful to me and i hope it would be to the rest of you guys. Also, this post i for the comp. we got going here, i wasn't sure if i was supposed to put it in the post coach did for the comp. so i just thought id let you know coach, sorry. Sorry bout the pics guys!
The Bow and Arrow as a Hunting System
It is important to define "Bow" within the concept of the term "Hunting Bow." It is currently universally accepted that a "Bow" derives its propulsive energy from the displacement of bent limbs. A bow must be HAND-DRAWN, (i.e.), drawn to the full draw position by the unassisted muscle power of the shooter's body. A bow must be HAND-HELD, (i.e.) the bowstring must be entirely retained in the full draw position by the unassisted muscle power of the shooter until release. A bow must be HAND RELEASED, (i.e.) the release of the bowstring must come as a direct and conscious action of the shooter either by relaxing the tension of the fingers or by triggering a hand-held release aid. The total energy to draw, hold and release the bow must come directly from the shooter's unassisted muscle power.
The hunting arrow is defined as an elongated projectile shot from an archery bow. The arrow consists of a shaft of relatively small diameter with a hunting head mounted on the leading end and fletching on the trailing end to assist in guidance and stabilization.
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Arrow spine
Arrow Spine Arrow spine refers to the stiffness or bend resistance of the arrow.
Properly spined arrows are critical to good arrow flight!
An arrow of proper spine stiffness achieves correct flexation during launch and flight.
If both arrows in figure 2 weigh the same and leave the bow at the same speed, it is obvious that the arrow with poor flight characteristics will achieve less penetration due to its entering the target at a poor angle. A properly spined and balanced arrow is needed for good flight and penetration. The bow should be tuned with the proper spined arrow, just as a rifle or handgun must have the proper weight bullet and powder load.
In order to fly straight and true, an arrow must be spined according to the archer's arrow length and the pull weight of the bow. As draw weight and arrow length increase, so must ARROW STIFFNESS.
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Arrow Weight
Arrows of varying weight give similar kinetic energy due to altered velocity.
All arrows in this graph were tested with a 44# compound bow. Results show that to arbitrarily pick a certain minimum weight arrow for all bow draw weights does not necessarily guarantee properly tuned equipment. The HEAVY arrow is overspined as well as overweight, which would result in poor arrow flight.
Note: Kinetic energy levels of all four arrows
are similar due to the increase of velocity
when lighter arrows are used.
Nock ends of
properly tuned
arrows as they would
appear in the target. Arrow too limber. Arrow too stiff.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Weight of an Arrow is Measured in Grains Bowhunters should use arrows that are properly spined to their bow regardless of grain weight.
The weight of an arrow is strongly influenced by its length and the bow's pull weight. Archers using short arrow lengths and bows with light pull weights will naturally use arrows with a lesser grain weight than do archers using long arrows and bows with heavy pull weights. Women and young archers would be greatly handicapped if a set grain weight were established without considering the pull weight of the bow.
The Easton Shaft Charts show the recommended arrow sizes to be used in relation to the length of the arrow and the draw weight of the bow.
It is the consensus of many bow manufacturers that using a minimum of 6 grains of arrow weight per pound of maximum bow draw weight offers a reasonably safe level of operation for most bows, assuming that appropriate arrow stiffness is maintained.
Examples:
45lb. bow = 270 gr. arrow minimum
75lb. bow = 450 gr. arrow minimum
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Arrow Velocity & Ballistics
This chart shows an arrow traveling 270 f.p.s. compared to the speed of projectiles of other hunting systems. The hand-drawn, hand-held and hand-released bow and arrow is a low-velocity, high-trajectory, short-range system.
An arrow traveling 270 f.p.s. = 184 mph.
A bullet traveling 2,700 f.p.s. = 1,840 mph.
Tests show that, depending on total arrow weight, on average, the reduction of 4 to 6 grains of arrow weight will produce an increase of one foot per second in arrow velocity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Trajectory
How far do arrows travel?
This graph shows bullet trajectory of the modern rifle and arrow trajectory of the modern bow. The bullet will travel to 100 yards with very little drop in trajectory.
Even a very fast arrow has a pronounced trajectory arc, therefore yardage estimation is very critical to archery.
Trajectory of 170 grain 30-30 rifle projectile with a muzzle velocity of 2200 f.p.s.
and Trajectory of 540 grain arrow with an initial velocity of 200 f.p.s
Down Range Trajectory.
The graph above compares the trajectory of an arrow and a bullet. Note the arrow dropped 114" at 50 yards, while the bullet dropped 0.9 at 50 yards. Comparing the difference in drop, bowhunting is a close-range sport that remains in the primitive spectrum.
Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object (arrow) by reason of its mass and its velocity.
A foot/pound of energy is the amount of energy required to lift one pound a vertical distance of one foot.
An arrow's mass (weight) and velocity work together to produce kinetic energy. Kinetic energy helps propel an arrow into or through an object.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Penetration
Before an arrow can penetrate a target, it must be directed toward that target accurately and in a manner that ensures that it is flying straight and true. This is necessary in order to direct the kinetic energy of the arrow along its longitudinal axis and precisely behind and in the line with the axis of the broadhead. If the flight of an arrow is characterized by fishtailing or porpoising some of the arrow's energy is dissipated and penetration is reduced. Kinetic energy plays a major role in penetration. A lighter arrow will, through increased velocity, maintain nearly the same level of kinetic energy as a heavier arrow. (See photo to right) Example: Reducing the grain weight of an arrow by 100 grains will only reduce kinetic energy by 5% or less.
60# Bow - 30" Draw
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Draw Weights & Let-Off
Increasing the percentage of let-off or "decreasing the holding weight" of a compound bow, may result in a small decrease of the bow's energy storage efficiency. It is up to the individual archer to determine they desired amount of let-off for his/her shooting situation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lighted Bow Sights & Electronics
Chemical and electronic means have been used for years to illuminate sights in low-lighted conditions. Such illuminated sights aid aiming under reduced light conditions that occur in early morning, at dusk, in mist and fog, and in densely wooded areas. In addition, an illuminated sight can be a significant benefit to persons with certain types of vision handicaps. Often the bright point of light will permit the eye to focus better and help eliminate a double image effect. It is hard to find fault with an illuminated sight that is used legally. To restrict all electronic devices would be to eliminate the use of clocks, hand warmers, or camaras that can mount to a bow.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hunting Ethics
Through the ages, bowhunting has proven to be an effective means of harvesting game animals.
Tests have shown that a properly placed arrow can be just as effective as a properly placed bullet. Proper shot placement is the key to success when hunting with any device.
While there are several states that do not specify minimum pull draw weight for hunting bows, most bowhunters use the heaviest pull weight that they can comfortably handle in order to achieve maximum penetration and the flattest possible trajectory.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendations
ïA hunting bow should remain a HAND-HELD, HAND-DRAWN and HAND-RELEASED (finger or release aid) weapon.
ïA hunting arrow should remain an elongated shaft with a hunting head mounted on the leading end and fletching on the trailing end.
ïBow draw weights should have a minimum of 30 lb. for deer, antelope, javelina and other game animals of this size; a minimum of 40 lb. for larger game
ïAmount of let-off on compound bows should not be an issue since the archer has to pull through peak weight no matter what the holding weight.
ï Battery powered devices such as clocks, handwarmers, lighted sight pins, cameras, should be considered acceptable types of bow hunting accessories.
The Bow and Arrow as a Hunting System
It is important to define "Bow" within the concept of the term "Hunting Bow." It is currently universally accepted that a "Bow" derives its propulsive energy from the displacement of bent limbs. A bow must be HAND-DRAWN, (i.e.), drawn to the full draw position by the unassisted muscle power of the shooter's body. A bow must be HAND-HELD, (i.e.) the bowstring must be entirely retained in the full draw position by the unassisted muscle power of the shooter until release. A bow must be HAND RELEASED, (i.e.) the release of the bowstring must come as a direct and conscious action of the shooter either by relaxing the tension of the fingers or by triggering a hand-held release aid. The total energy to draw, hold and release the bow must come directly from the shooter's unassisted muscle power.
The hunting arrow is defined as an elongated projectile shot from an archery bow. The arrow consists of a shaft of relatively small diameter with a hunting head mounted on the leading end and fletching on the trailing end to assist in guidance and stabilization.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow spine
Arrow Spine Arrow spine refers to the stiffness or bend resistance of the arrow.
Properly spined arrows are critical to good arrow flight!
An arrow of proper spine stiffness achieves correct flexation during launch and flight.
If both arrows in figure 2 weigh the same and leave the bow at the same speed, it is obvious that the arrow with poor flight characteristics will achieve less penetration due to its entering the target at a poor angle. A properly spined and balanced arrow is needed for good flight and penetration. The bow should be tuned with the proper spined arrow, just as a rifle or handgun must have the proper weight bullet and powder load.
In order to fly straight and true, an arrow must be spined according to the archer's arrow length and the pull weight of the bow. As draw weight and arrow length increase, so must ARROW STIFFNESS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Weight
Arrows of varying weight give similar kinetic energy due to altered velocity.
All arrows in this graph were tested with a 44# compound bow. Results show that to arbitrarily pick a certain minimum weight arrow for all bow draw weights does not necessarily guarantee properly tuned equipment. The HEAVY arrow is overspined as well as overweight, which would result in poor arrow flight.
Note: Kinetic energy levels of all four arrows
are similar due to the increase of velocity
when lighter arrows are used.
Nock ends of
properly tuned
arrows as they would
appear in the target. Arrow too limber. Arrow too stiff.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Weight of an Arrow is Measured in Grains Bowhunters should use arrows that are properly spined to their bow regardless of grain weight.
The weight of an arrow is strongly influenced by its length and the bow's pull weight. Archers using short arrow lengths and bows with light pull weights will naturally use arrows with a lesser grain weight than do archers using long arrows and bows with heavy pull weights. Women and young archers would be greatly handicapped if a set grain weight were established without considering the pull weight of the bow.
The Easton Shaft Charts show the recommended arrow sizes to be used in relation to the length of the arrow and the draw weight of the bow.
It is the consensus of many bow manufacturers that using a minimum of 6 grains of arrow weight per pound of maximum bow draw weight offers a reasonably safe level of operation for most bows, assuming that appropriate arrow stiffness is maintained.
Examples:
45lb. bow = 270 gr. arrow minimum
75lb. bow = 450 gr. arrow minimum
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Velocity & Ballistics
This chart shows an arrow traveling 270 f.p.s. compared to the speed of projectiles of other hunting systems. The hand-drawn, hand-held and hand-released bow and arrow is a low-velocity, high-trajectory, short-range system.
An arrow traveling 270 f.p.s. = 184 mph.
A bullet traveling 2,700 f.p.s. = 1,840 mph.
Tests show that, depending on total arrow weight, on average, the reduction of 4 to 6 grains of arrow weight will produce an increase of one foot per second in arrow velocity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Trajectory
How far do arrows travel?
This graph shows bullet trajectory of the modern rifle and arrow trajectory of the modern bow. The bullet will travel to 100 yards with very little drop in trajectory.
Even a very fast arrow has a pronounced trajectory arc, therefore yardage estimation is very critical to archery.
Trajectory of 170 grain 30-30 rifle projectile with a muzzle velocity of 2200 f.p.s.
and Trajectory of 540 grain arrow with an initial velocity of 200 f.p.s
Down Range Trajectory.
The graph above compares the trajectory of an arrow and a bullet. Note the arrow dropped 114" at 50 yards, while the bullet dropped 0.9 at 50 yards. Comparing the difference in drop, bowhunting is a close-range sport that remains in the primitive spectrum.
Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object (arrow) by reason of its mass and its velocity.
A foot/pound of energy is the amount of energy required to lift one pound a vertical distance of one foot.
An arrow's mass (weight) and velocity work together to produce kinetic energy. Kinetic energy helps propel an arrow into or through an object.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arrow Penetration
Before an arrow can penetrate a target, it must be directed toward that target accurately and in a manner that ensures that it is flying straight and true. This is necessary in order to direct the kinetic energy of the arrow along its longitudinal axis and precisely behind and in the line with the axis of the broadhead. If the flight of an arrow is characterized by fishtailing or porpoising some of the arrow's energy is dissipated and penetration is reduced. Kinetic energy plays a major role in penetration. A lighter arrow will, through increased velocity, maintain nearly the same level of kinetic energy as a heavier arrow. (See photo to right) Example: Reducing the grain weight of an arrow by 100 grains will only reduce kinetic energy by 5% or less.
60# Bow - 30" Draw
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draw Weights & Let-Off
Increasing the percentage of let-off or "decreasing the holding weight" of a compound bow, may result in a small decrease of the bow's energy storage efficiency. It is up to the individual archer to determine they desired amount of let-off for his/her shooting situation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lighted Bow Sights & Electronics
Chemical and electronic means have been used for years to illuminate sights in low-lighted conditions. Such illuminated sights aid aiming under reduced light conditions that occur in early morning, at dusk, in mist and fog, and in densely wooded areas. In addition, an illuminated sight can be a significant benefit to persons with certain types of vision handicaps. Often the bright point of light will permit the eye to focus better and help eliminate a double image effect. It is hard to find fault with an illuminated sight that is used legally. To restrict all electronic devices would be to eliminate the use of clocks, hand warmers, or camaras that can mount to a bow.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hunting Ethics
Through the ages, bowhunting has proven to be an effective means of harvesting game animals.
Tests have shown that a properly placed arrow can be just as effective as a properly placed bullet. Proper shot placement is the key to success when hunting with any device.
While there are several states that do not specify minimum pull draw weight for hunting bows, most bowhunters use the heaviest pull weight that they can comfortably handle in order to achieve maximum penetration and the flattest possible trajectory.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendations
ïA hunting bow should remain a HAND-HELD, HAND-DRAWN and HAND-RELEASED (finger or release aid) weapon.
ïA hunting arrow should remain an elongated shaft with a hunting head mounted on the leading end and fletching on the trailing end.
ïBow draw weights should have a minimum of 30 lb. for deer, antelope, javelina and other game animals of this size; a minimum of 40 lb. for larger game
ïAmount of let-off on compound bows should not be an issue since the archer has to pull through peak weight no matter what the holding weight.
ï Battery powered devices such as clocks, handwarmers, lighted sight pins, cameras, should be considered acceptable types of bow hunting accessories.